Retracing 75 years of Republic Day Tableaux

From pageantry of national pride to political missives

Culture

February 5, 2025

/ By / New Delhi

Retracing 75 years of Republic Day Tableaux

Glimpse of Andhra Pradesh Tableau at 76th Republic Day Parade at Kartavya Path, in New Delhi on January 26 (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)

In India, the tableaux showcased at Republic Day parades have witnessed significant changes over the years. While earlier the tableaux were a pageantry of a young nation’s pride, over time they have slid to become vehicles of political messages.

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Republic Day Tableaux not only celebrate the nation’s diversity but also reflect upon the socio-political climate and cultural transformations across the country. These tableaux have undergone a significant transformation from 1952 to 2025, shifting the focus from cultural heritage to spiritual themes. This shift portrays the blend of cultural heritage with technology and mythological narratives over the years.

1950s: A simpler beginning

1st Republic Day Parade at Rajpath, New Delhi in 1950

1st Republic Day Parade at Rajpath, New Delhi in 1950

In 1950, the Republic Day celebration was a military affair but later in 1952 the introduction of tableaux marked the beginning of a new tradition that till now celebrates the diversity and pride of India. That year, the tableau of Madhya Pradesh featured tribal culture highlighting the local artisans and traditional crafts. In 1963, the tableau of Punjab showcased agricultural advancements celebrating the Green Revolution.

1970s & 1980s: Bringing attention to social issues

The era of the 70s and 80s focused on social issues like illiteracy. In 1976, Kerala’s tableau highlighted the literacy campaign running at that time to promote the importance of education being a fundamental right of the citizens. Whereas in the late 1980s, classical dance forms like Bharatanatayam were featured in Tamil Nadu tableaux celebrating regional art and cultural expressions.

2000s – 2010: Shift towards new millennium

This period witnessed the incorporation of modern themes with traditional elements. In 2001, Gujarat showcased the industrial growth of the state through their tableau whereas in 2010, Maharashtra’s tableau featured the transformation of Mumbai into a global city. The states began to address contemporary issues like disaster management and economic development.

2014: Year of culture and heritage

In 2014, Karnataka’s tableau was the highlight of the parade as it showcased Tipu Sultan symbolising resistance against colonial rule and also served as a representation of the state’s contribution to India’s freedom struggle.

During this period the theme was all about historical figures, local traditions and cultural narratives to which local people resonated with pride. Goa’s tableau focused on environmental themes, promoting the ‘Save the Frog’ campaign.

2018 to 2020: Blend of traditional motifs with contemporary issues

During the period from 2018 to 2020, the themes witnessed a transition blending culture with daily Indian narratives. In 2018, the Kerala Tableau showcased the traditional festival of Kettukazhcha featuring intricately designed structures made of bamboo, accompanied by traditional dance performances like Kathakali.

On the other hand, in 2020, the tableaux represented more contemporary issues with a blend of tradition and culture. The tableau of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) made its debut and represented the agency’s abilities to tackle a disaster situation with its disaster management capabilities. This was a shift towards showcasing the government initiatives and achievements over the years.

2025: The year of blending heritage with religion

The 76th Republic Day celebration held on 26th January 2025 followed ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat and Vikas’ (Golden India – Heritage and Development) which focused on historical richness as well as the current emphasis on religious identity being a part of national pride.

Uttar Pradesh’s tableau captured a lot of attention by showcasing the ongoing Maha Kumbh in Prayagraj. The tableau featured the depiction of Samudra Manthan (the churning of the ocean) and rituals performed by holy men on the banks of the Ganges.

Sustainability and future of the tableaux

Republic Day tableaux have not only witnessed a shift from being simple and cultural to sophisticated and spiritual but also in their visual presence. From using basic equipment like wood and metal for making structures to digital displays and advanced lighting techniques, this transformation has enhanced the experience and presentation of the tableaux.

Also, in recent years, eco-friendly tableaux are something to talk about. Bamboo, mud bricks, recycled plastic and recycled wood are used to make these tableaux sustainable and environmentally friendly. These measures help in preserving them for future usage and waste management protocols are followed. There are many tableaux promoting sustainability and waste management over the years.

For instance, this year the tableau of Andhra Pradesh showcased the traditional craft of Etikoppaka Bommalu– wooden toys that are both artistic and sustainable. Over the years, there has been immense development in making these tableaux.

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