World’s largest open-air theatre Dhanu Jatra begins in Odisha
Dhanu Jatra is recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s largest open-air theatre (Photo Odisha Tourism)
The vibrant town of Bargarh, abouyt 315 km from Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, has transformed into the mythical city of Vrindavan as the world-famous Dhanu Jatra began today with great fanfare. The 11-day festival, renowned as the world’s largest open-air theatre, will run until January 13, bringing alive the timeless tale of Lord Krishna’s victory over his tyrannical uncle, King Kansa.
Recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s largest open-air theatre, Dhanu Jatra is more than just a cultural event it is a celebration of community spirit, mythology, and Odisha’s rich artistic heritage. The festival, which has been held annually since 1947, spans a radius of 8 km, converting Bargarh and its surroundings into a giant theatrical stage where every corner breathes life into the age-old legend.
The festival has been held annually since 1947,spans a radius of 8 km (Photo: Wikipedia)
Over the next 11 days, the people of Bargarh will step into the roles of mythological characters and subjects of the demon king Kansa. The town itself becomes Vrindavan in today’s Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh, while the nearby village of Ambapali transforms into Gopapura, the childhood home of Krishna. The Jeera River flowing through the region is symbolically renamed Yamuna, further enhancing the immersive experience.
The festival opened with a grand proclamation by the actor playing Kansa, who entered the town in regal splendour, declaring himself ruler over the “subjects” of Vrindavan. The streets echoed with vibrant music and cheers as the townsfolk embraced their roles in this living legend.
Historical celebration of independence
Dhanu Jatra holds special historical significance. First organised in 1947 to celebrate India’s independence from British rule, the festival was conceived as an allegory for freedom, drawing parallels between Krishna’s triumph over Kansa and the country’s liberation from colonial oppression. Over the years, it has grown into a major cultural event, attracting participants and spectators from across India and beyond.
This year, the festival is expected to draw over 1 million visitors, including tourists, cultural enthusiasts, and devotees eager to witness this unparalleled spectacle of storytelling and tradition.
What makes Dhanu Jatra truly unique is its scale and inclusivity. Over 170 prominent actors play key roles in the drama, supported by hundreds of local performers. Each day, different episodes from Krishna’s life are enacted in various parts of the town, allowing spectators to move through the 8-km stage and immerse themselves in the unfolding story.
Rann Utsav is a celebration of the region’s culture, crafts, music, and dance, set against the surreal backdrop of the Rann of Kutch (Photo: Rana Utsav)
The role of Lord Krishna is portrayed by a prominent actor, while the villainous Kansa is played by a local who embodies the essence of the character. Spectators can witness the unfolding drama as they move through the town, with dramatic confrontations, divine interventions, and emotional moments taking place all around them. The grandeur of this spectacle is enhanced by the vibrant traditional costumes, music, and dances that accompany the performance, keeping the essence of Odia culture alive throughout.
Unlike traditional stage performances confined to theatres, this festival unfolds across a vast area, involving not only the actors but the entire community. The town becomes a living, breathing backdrop for the performance, with different parts of the story playing out in various locations, from the bustling marketplaces to the serene riverbanks.
Desert Festival transforms the golden city into a living canvas of folk dances, music, camel races, and puppet shows
Dhanu Jatra is not just a dramatic retelling of a religious story; it is an embodiment of community, tradition, and the unbreakable bond between the people of Bargarh and their cultural heritage. It brings together people of all ages and backgrounds, from the local farmers to students and tourists. The festival also provides a platform for local artists, musicians, and dancers, ensuring the preservation of Odisha’s diverse cultural forms.
The event is also deeply intertwined with the spirituality of the region. Devotees from across the state and beyond flock to Bargarh to witness the divine enactment of Krishna’s victory over Kansa, which is seen as a symbol of good triumphing over evil. As the days progress, the entire town is enveloped in a festive atmosphere, with processions, rituals, and performances spreading joy and devotion across every corner.
State Support and Global Ambitions
The Odisha government has also taken significant steps to enhance Dhanu Jatra’s global appeal this year. Financial grants for the festival have been raised to INR 10 million from the previous INR 1 million, with an additional INR 5 million allocated for promotion and live broadcast of the event. For the first time, the event will be live-streamed on LED screens in major cities, including Bhubaneswar, making the spectacle accessible to a broader audience.
Chithirai Festival in Madurai features open-air performances of ancient Tamil epics, with reenactments of mythological stories
In another landmark initiative, the National School of Drama is producing a comprehensive documentary on the festival, aimed at preserving its legacy and showcasing its cultural significance to the world.
Additionally, the government has announced an honorarium of INR 10,000 each for 170 key performers, recognising their vital contributions to the festival’s success. Plans are also underway to pitch for UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage status, further cementing Dhanu Jatra’s place on the global cultural map.
Beyond its grandeur, Dhanu Jatra remains deeply rooted in tradition. Every resident of Bargarh actively participates, whether as an actor, organiser, or supporter. Farmers, shopkeepers, students, and elders come together to create an immersive experience that celebrates their shared heritage.
For the townsfolk, Dhanu Jatra is more than just an annual event, it is a living tradition that strengthens community bonds and keeps Odisha’s cultural identity alive.
Open-Air Festivals across India
While Dhanu Jatra holds the title of the largest open-air theatre, it is far from the only festival in India to celebrate the concept of outdoor performances. India is home to several open-air festivals that showcase the country’s vibrant traditions, cultural richness, and unique storytelling formats.
The ancient city’s temples and streets become the stage for these cultural expressions
One such festival is the Rann Utsav in Kutch, Gujarat, a celebration of the region’s culture, crafts, music, and dance, set against the surreal backdrop of the Rann of Kutch. The festival invites visitors to experience the local way of life while enjoying open-air performances, traditional dances, and a stunning array of handicrafts. The spectacular landscapes and the clear night skies of the desert provide an unforgettable atmosphere for these cultural expressions.
In Rajasthan, the Desert Festival in Jaisalmer transforms the golden city into a living canvas of folk dances, music, camel races, and puppet shows. Set against the dramatic desert dunes, this open-air festival showcases the rich folk traditions of Rajasthan, creating an enchanting experience for visitors.
Similarly, in Tamil Nadu, the Chithirai Festival in Madurai features open-air performances of ancient Tamil epics, with reenactments of mythological stories that draw thousands of spectators each year. The ancient city’s temples and streets become the stage for these cultural expressions, fostering a deep connection between the audience and the past.
With its unique format, scale, and historical significance, Dhanu Jatra not only holds a special place in Odisha’s heart but also stands as a shining example of India’s vast and diverse cultural heritage.
